學術摘要寫作
觀念
學術摘要(summary)是大學英文最實用的寫作能力:讀完一篇文章,用自己的話、約原文三分之一或更短的篇幅,交代作者的主要論點。寫報告、做文獻回顧、準備英文簡報,都要用到。
好摘要的四個條件:
- 第一句就是主旨:主題 + 作者的核心說法。例:Research in cognitive psychology shows that testing yourself is a more effective way to learn than rereading.
- 只放主要論點:原因、證據的結論、對策,2–3 個就好。例子、數字、引言都刪掉——讀者要的是骨架。
- 換句話說(paraphrase):換字(absorb sunlight → take in heat)、換句型(主動 ↔ 被動、名詞化),不整句照抄;專有名詞與術語(urban heat island)可以保留。
- 客觀:用第三人稱(The author argues / Researchers suggest),不加入「我覺得」。
步驟:
- 讀第一遍抓主旨;第二遍在每段標出「最重要的一句」
- 把這些句子用自己的話改寫,用 However、As a result、In addition 串成一段
- 檢查字數(本題 60–80 字)、刪重複、確認沒有照抄
AI 老師依四條評分要點給 0–4 分,並會指出哪裡抄太多、哪個重點漏掉。
例題
寫出你的答案(可多行),送出後由 AI 老師依評分要點批改
The Economics of Free Apps
Millions of people download mobile apps without paying anything, yet many app companies earn large profits. This is possible because of several business models. The most common is advertising: the app is free, but users see ads, and advertisers pay according to how many people view or click them. A second model, often called "freemium," offers basic features for free while charging for premium functions or the removal of ads. A third source of income is data. By tracking how people use an app, companies can learn about users' habits and sell insights to other businesses or use them to target ads more precisely. Critics argue that this last model raises serious privacy concerns, since many users do not read the terms they agree to. As a result, some governments have introduced laws requiring companies to explain clearly what data they collect and how it is used.
閱讀上面的學術短文(約 147 字),用英文寫一段 60–80 字的摘要。只寫作者的主要論點,用自己的話,不要照抄句子,也不要加入你的看法。
看解法與答案
參考摘要(63 字):
Free apps make money mainly through three business models: advertising, freemium plans that charge for extra features, and the collection and use of user data. The data-based model is controversial because users often do not understand what information they share, which raises privacy concerns. In response, some governments now require companies to explain clearly what data they collect and how they use it.
摘要寫法:① 第一句寫主旨(主題 + 作者的核心說法);② 接著 2–3 句交代主要原因/證據/對策;③ 用 However、As a result 等轉折詞把關係講清楚;④ 刪掉例子、數字與細節;⑤ 換句話說(例:release heat slowly → gradually give off heat)。
用在哪裡
- 教育大學寫期末報告、文獻回顧時,要把讀過的英文論文濃縮成一段摘要。
- 資料整理英文研究報告或產業資料時,用摘要快速讓團隊掌握重點。
- AI檢查 AI 產生的英文摘要有沒有漏掉主旨或加了原文沒有的意思。
學習路徑
先學會
- 口說朗讀與延伸 大學 · 大一
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